National Counselor Exam (NCE)

What model do family therapists believe in as a key difference from individual therapy?

1. A linear model of causality

2. A circular model of causality

3. A hierarchical model of causality

4. A transactional model of causality

The correct answer is: A circular model of causality

Family therapists predominantly endorse a circular model of causality, distinguishing their approach from individual therapy. This model emphasizes the reciprocal and dynamic interactions within a family system, highlighting how individuals' behaviors and emotions affect each other in a cyclic manner. In contrast to linear models, which suggest a cause-and-effect relationship where one action directly leads to a specific consequence, the circular model recognizes that the behavior of one family member can influence and be influenced by the responses of others in the system. For example, a child’s negative behavior can cause stress in a parent, which in turn may exacerbate the child's behavior, creating a continuous loop of interaction. This perspective shapes the therapeutic approach, focusing on changing patterns of interaction among family members rather than isolating an individual’s issues. It also encourages the exploration of relational dynamics and communication styles, which are crucial in understanding and addressing familial problems holistically. By using a circular model, family therapists seek to foster healthier interactions and promote systemic change, making it a cornerstone of their practice.