National Counselor Exam Practice Test 2026 – Comprehensive Study Resource

The correct answer highlights the emphasis of the psychodynamic perspective on unconscious dynamics. This approach, founded by Sigmund Freud, focuses on how unconscious desires and conflicts influence behavior, often rooted in early life experiences and relationships. In comparison, the social learning perspective concentrates on how environmental conditions shape behavior through observation, imitation, and reinforcement.

By identifying "environmental conditions" in the context of social learning, the answer acknowledges the role that the surrounding environment plays in shaping an individual's behavior. This perspective posits that learning occurs not just through direct experience or reinforcement but also through observing others and the context in which behavior occurs.

Thus, pairing "environmental conditions" with "unconscious dynamics" accurately captures the contrast between how each perspective understands the role of internal and external factors in driving human behavior, illustrating a key distinction in the approaches to psychological understanding.